-1800 first iron printing press
-press can be cast and fabricated thus more durable
-gear system = greater force with less human power
-in 10 ten years steam powered presses 400 sheets an hour as opposed to 250 sheets an hour
-4 years later double cylinder steam press 1000 impressions an hour
-Ned Ludd rebellion in England against technology / losing jobs
-Nov 1814 London Times printed by steam powered press, had to be done in secret
-Papers become popular
-Newspapers sold by subscription (6 pennies?) as opposed to penny papers
-Newspapers start selling ads , titles of enlightenment for penny papers The Sun, etc
-1841 John Guber becomes first ad man, starts first ad agency
-First ad men were brokers of space, not designers
-Ottmar Mergenthaler 1856 invents linotype machine
-linotype does the work of 7-8 hand compositors
-Victorian era graphics
-Aesthetic confusion
-Strong religious moral beliefs
-loved fussiness
-rise of middle class , more disposable money
-influence coming from the east
-decline in quality of craft
"Title page from book"
-Letterforms are blackletter "calligraphy"
-Floral decorations
-Border
Lithography and color lithography
-wood type hits peak 1860s
-1796 stone printing
-chromolithography begins in Boston in this country
ephemera
-printed or written elements that are no meant to be collected
(movie tickets, posters, dime novel)
-scrap cards printed on chromoliphic presses
-Prang father of scrap cards
-used as premium for box of oats for example
-no color images in homes
victorian aesthetic
-freshed face idolized children
-pattern work
-exotic animals
-illusion of depth Trump Loy?
-promote entertainment
-great sense of nationalism emerges
-packaging emerges, tin
-chromolithography allows us to paint on metal
-development of american food culture
-Quaker oats
-American Cereal Company
-Personalities in products
-Aunt Jemima, Uncle Ben
They are replacing shopkeepers
-Popular magazines
-mid 1800s Ladies Home Journal
The Practical Housekeeper
will not endorse products > figured out placing an ad creates a relationship by juxtaposition / stroking viewers subconscious
-gibson girls
-reductive style is akin to abstraction
-easier for production
-using scale for depth
-toy books are entertainment for children Walter Crane's Absurd ABC
-Walter Crane, Randolph Caldecott, Kate Greenaway -( generous use of white space is atypical)
-Harper's
illuminated bible 1600 woodcut illustrations
Harper's Bazaar, Weekly, etc
Thomas Nast -father of american political cartoon
-Uncle Sam
-Donkey Elephant
-Santa Claus
-Colombia
Boss Tweed running New York
-corrupt politician
Movie
-Boss Tweed provided orphanages, jobs, coal stole 50 million dollars
-1870 had more power than anyone in New York's history
-1870 unfinished county courthouse
-1869 Thomas Nast began publishing political cartoons in Bazaar's Weekly of Tammany Hall Ring
-Tweed took the fall for corrupt system 3 counts of fraud 220 misdemeanor
-1875 escaped to Spain - Spanish police recognized him from political cartoon
-Bicycles invented
Heinz
-5th and 23rd beginning of lighted displays - flatiron building
-1869 Henry Heinz sells horse radish, pioneers corporate image, branding
-giant pickle
-monument to labor
-provide workers with company store, hired attractive young women, had swimming pool and tanning deck
John Ruskin-social revolution, philosophical leader
-order the lives of society so most people are happy and satisfied
-the manifestos start popping up
-beautiful things are valuable just because their beautiful
William Morris
-father of arts and craft movement
-inspired by writings of John Ruskin
-both are sons of wealthy merchants
Movie 2
-never like trains
-designed wallpaper, wrote 90 books, cut woodblocks, poet, etc.
-make world beautiful against ugly industrial revolution
-born 1834 eldest son
-Dante Gabriel Rossetti important figure
-pre-raphaelite
-Jane Burden limited education, wife
-Red House firm of decorators
Newspapers and magazines enter the picture. The visual language is very conservative, much like how the internet developed. Its interesting to draw parallels from this time period to the development of the internet. Watching the development of ads and branding is like seeing different ways people schemed to sell things. Very psychological and still applies today. I wonder if ad agencies use more advanced strategies on consumers or if its relatively unchanged? Also, now I know the difference between the Rococo design aesthetic and the Victorian. Couldn't tell them apart before today. People just bought cheap crap. Reminds me a lot of Wal-Mart and how they are wiping out small businesses.
It was also interesting to find out how Heinz campaigned his brand effectively, he seemed to be ahead of his time. I thought companies started doing this in the 1940s, or as early as the 1920s. I'll have to investigate further, when this idea of branding took off.
It was also interesting to find out how Heinz campaigned his brand effectively, he seemed to be ahead of his time. I thought companies started doing this in the 1940s, or as early as the 1920s. I'll have to investigate further, when this idea of branding took off.
I had forgotten about Thomas Nast, so it was a nice reminder. It definitely applies to my field, knowing who started american political cartoons. And its an awesome example of how much influence images have on people.
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